Slavery in The United States Essay - 444 Words

The term slave is defined as a person held in servitude as the chattel of another, or one that is completely subservient to a dominating influence. The most well known cases of slavery occurred during the settling of the United States of America. From 1619 until July 1st 1928 slavery was allowed within our country. The first slave in America were brought over in the slave trade to help with work on plantations and in return they received housing and food. However these slaves weren’t the first. The first slaves were actually enslaved, because of war, destruction, debt and crime as stated in the Locke and Slavery packet. Slavery was a practice that was very common, but was obviously an immoral idea. After many years of persecution people†¦show more content†¦In reality there were many factors that affected the change in views on slavery. One major event that contributed to the ending of slavery was the Civil War, which was a battle between the northern and southern sta tes in America. Other impacting events were the signing of the 13, 14th, and 15th amendments which gave African Americans gain protection and voting rights. These events, as important as they are, would not have been made possible without the help of some influential figures such as Sojourner Truth who helped out in the war, Harriet Tubman who was involved with the underground railroad, as well as many Abolitionists allowed there to be progress in the movement for freedom in the slave nation. Even though Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation stating that slavery was illegal it was only the beginning; it wasn’t until 1928 under the leadership of President Calvin Coolidge that slavery was completely abolished. Another interesting note is that slavery doesn’t only apply to African Americans. The only reason African American’s are pictured when slavery is mentioned is because it was the most horrific example of slavery. Slavery is a problem that goes back to the times of the ancient Greeks, Egyptians, and Romans. In the time of these great civilizations slaves were of allShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The United States891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Unites States during the 1850s was a harsh time for African Americans, not only were they treated extremely harsh; but many of them were slaves as well. Slavery was the topic of every discussion during this time period and the United States was literally split on the issue of slavery. A lot of the Southern States wanted to continue slavery because it was a way of life. Many of the southerners depend on slavery to help grow and harvest crops that were on acres and acres of land. Northerns, onRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Slavery is founded on the selfishness of man’s nature; opposition to it on his love for justice.† This saying by Abraham Lincoln tells us that people are really different when it comes to their beliefs and attitude s. Some are so focused on wealth, which is why they have slaves to work for free, and treated them as properties instead of real human beings. On the other hand, some people were against slavery because it violated the basic human rights like the right to life, liberty, and security.Read MoreSlavery And The United States848 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States. During these years, many different topics were up for dispute and compromises were being negotiated. Unfortunately, it was hard for all of the citizens to come to a complete compromise for the disputes. Some states had similar opinions, while others were in a deadlock. One of the biggest disputes during this time were over slavery. While other disputes only involved a few states, slavery was a dispute that caused unrest between two distinctive regions in the United States: theRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States953 Words   |  4 PagesEvery country has a dark past, whether it’s about conquering land from Nati ve Americans, or mass genocide of a single race. The United States was no different from the rest of the world, especially when slavery was involved. The South had its reasons on why to establish and justify the slavery system while the North rejected their beliefs. By focusing on the South’s argument, this will help to understand why they fought for their rights to keep slaves and understand how the African Americans wereRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1095 Words   |  5 Pagesattempted to cure their complete opposition on the regulation of slavery by using federal power to coerce an end to the feud, yet the movement increased tension between the divided nation. By invoking both legislative and judicial power, politicians used laws which included slave codes and freedom laws as well as court decisions like Dred Scott v Sandford (1875) to convince or force the population into acceptance of stances on slavery. Each party viewed their tactics and ideas to be righteou s, andRead MoreSlavery And The United States1305 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery; An Issue Neglected to a Key Principle in the U.S. For 20 years slavery had existed in the United States of America despite its immorality and the objections of many citizens. Strides were made to correct this injustice around the time of the Revolutionary war; colonists started to demand their natural human rights from Britain. In 1766, our founding fathers were the first faced with a decision to abolish slavery; they felt the pressure from facing the purpose of their campaign due to theRead MoreSlavery And The United States1507 Words   |  7 PagesOver the centuries, slavery held a prominent factor in United States history. Slavery shaped and formed what society was in the United States. Slavery’s influence impacted the United States in various ways. The ways that slavery impacted United States history are the United States economy, society and politics. Some historians argue slavery is not an important factor in United States history. However, they are wrong because slavery brought many different political movements and t he Underground RailroadRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States976 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery has played a very integral part in the development of the United States so far. It has taught people the importance of racial equality and moral discipline, which was lacked back in the time when slavery existed. Moreover, slaves were used mostly by farmers and business owners who wanted to maximize their profits and wanted cheap sources of labor. Slaves were first imported into the United States back in 1502 by a merchant named; Juan de Cà ³rdoba. The South was very interested in bringingRead MoreSlavery And The United States1673 Words   |  7 Pageshowever, when slavery existed, blacks were undermined and denied many freedoms entitled to them under the Constitution. There were many topics argued about, but slavery caused the most dispute within the country. In the 1850’s, the pro-slavery South and the anti-slavery North collided when the case of Dred Scott, a black slave who attempted to gain liberation, was brought to court. The North and South had vastly different views on the subject of slavery, Scott had resided in the free state of IllinoisRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1670 Words   |  7 Pageswedge between the nation. As the United States progressed into different industries, slavery benefited only one side of the country – the south. The north began outlawing slavery, deeming it as immoral and unconstitutional while the south needed and depended on slavery to maintain their economy. The opposing sides on the slave system lead to arguments between the North and the South as to decide what new territories would allow slavery, then leading on to outlawing slavery all together. Tensions increased

Collection Of Data By Organizations - 1151 Words

Collection of data is approached mainly by well-documented technique i.e., focus groups. Assembling small groups for free flowing of particular topics representing them as a way to better understand how people feel and think about an issue. Focus groups combine set of insights which are not recorded and the insights with better understandings throughout different groups. Hence, Focus groups proving itself for solving different SPI programs faced by companies and staff groups. The table 1 below shows the focus groups divided by staff. 3.2 IMPLEMENTING FOCUS GROUPS: As we mentioned we have conducted 49 focus groups. Companies were selected who largely responded to a detailed questionnaire giving broad information about their†¦show more content†¦These were categorized as follows: †¢ Organizational issues (e.g. skills, culture, goals, communication, staff retention). †¢ Project issues (e.g. documentation, measurement, quality, timescales, tools). †¢ Software Development Lifecycle issues (e.g. requirements, testing). 3.4 Protocol Analysis and validation Analysis procedure used a 2-stage approach to analyze and validate the data. formal reliability test was conducted with results from 2 different researchers followed by a classification scheme with reliable problem frequencies. Stage 1 protocol analysis was performed manually on responses and obstacles to SPI. All problems cited by each practitioner group are identified. The list of problems cited by each practitioner were organized into problem groups. same levels of granularity and definitions provided were â€Å"assemble trustworthy collections of software data from different sources† [37]. An inter-rater reliability test was conducted to increase confidence in this identification process. Scaling and an initial analysis regarding problem groups and problem frequencies are performed by researcher 1 and handovers selected quotes from the transcript to researcher 2. Whereas the analysis was validated through an objective analysis by researcher 2 and places the quotes into given categories. Stage 2 All the problems are included in mapping cited to each company problem groups, CMM level and practitioner group by constructing a matrix. Tables based on the

Role of Genetic Variation in Determining a Quantitative Trait

Question: Discuss about theRole of Genetic Variation in Determining a Quantitative Trait. Answer: Introduction Background Information The population can be genetically defined by documenting the genotypic and allelic frequencies, which can be calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium equations. This phenomenon was developed by Gregor Mendel who contributed much to the development of genetics by defining how traits were inherited from one population to another (Charlesworth, 2015). According to Gregor, who said to be the father of genetics, alteration of the genetic makeup of an individual or a population would lead to evolution. Changes in allelic frequencies would lead to deformation of the possible genotypes that can be produced in the next generation. The changes in the frequency of alleles can be facilitation by factors such as genetic drift, mutation, gene flow, non-random mating and selection (Charlesworth, 2015). Genetic variation changes the possible combination of alleles hence affecting their phenotypic effects on the offspring. For instance, a change on a recessive allele by mutation to become domi nant would lead to a heterozygous or homozygous dominant offspring (Cavalli-Sforza, 1986). Genotypic Influencers The next generation is always determined by the type of mating that happens in the current population. In small populations, loss of reproduction or death can lead to genetic drift that causes loss of a particular trait that could be passed to the next generation. A phenotypic trait is always an interaction between the environment and genotypic composition (Slankster, Chase, Jones, Wendell, 2012). For instance, individuals living in an environment that are exposed to high temperatures will lead to changes in their genome making them better adapted to the environment. The changes contribute to producing offspring individuals who would survive in such environmental conditions. Therefore, the genetic changes are aimed at enhancing a better future for a particular population (Reed Frankham, 2001). Phenotype and Environment Phenotypic plasticity allows genotypic changes to enhance the adaptability of individuals as a result of environmental changes. The different environmental factors might lead to modifications on the physiology, behaviours and morphology of individuals. The main importance of plasticity if to make a population that has genotypic combinations that can survive certain environmental factors of interest. Lack of phenotypic plasticity to some individuals in the population might lead to natural selection, where those who are able to adapt quickly would replace the others. In this case, evolution will be experienced and the next generation will have genetic combinations that are different compared to those who were unable to withstand the environmental conditions. The plasticity of a population usually interacts with the environment to generate a genetic combination that would adapt to the factors in question. The difference between populations can be determined by their distinction on their environments. Elasticity can be lost from the genotype when there is no selection in the environment to create a better-adapted population (Goudet, 2005). Therefore, populations which experience environmental changes do not lose their plasticity and they have better chances of surviving if ever there is an environmental change. The distribution of alleles in the chromosome determine the genotype and any changes dues to plasticity do not change the genotypic arrangement to the population due to environmental factors. Otherwise, plasticity increases the probability that the population will have persistent characteristics towards the environmental factors (Stearns, 1989). Brassica Rapa and Environment Brassica rapa was grown under three situations where three genotypes were grown under distinct conditions. This kind of research was aimed at understanding how the genotypes and the environmental factors would affect the phenotypic appearances of the plant. These environmental conditions included anthocyanin and shortwave ultraviolet (UVB, 280-325 nm) (Klaper, Frankel Berenbaum, 1996). The variables for the study included plant genotype and phenotypic characteristics that included height, leaf length and flower count. Purpose of the Study Exposing this kind of environmental factors was aimed at stressing the plant to observe how it would adapt to the new changes. Its plasticity would enhance the chances of surviving in the extreme conditions and being able to reproduce. After the study was completed in 41 days, differing observations were identified towards how Brassica rapa adapted to the environment (Klaper, Frankel Berenbaum, 1996). The presence of UVB leads to the reduction of plant height and leaf length to enable it to reduce the rate of photosynthesis. On the other case, reduced anthocyanin levels led to the reduction of flower count by half of those with normal and extended levels. This research study proved that other than pigmentation effect of the UV light, plants can adapt for better survival in the environment. Hypothesis The possible hypothesis that could be tested in the study include: - Null hypothesis: There is no effect on the height of the Brassica rapa plant Alternative hypothesis: The short wave ultraviolet rays affects the height of the plant Null hypothesis: There is no effect of shortwave ultraviolet to the Brassica rapa leaf sizes Alternative hypothesis: There are effects of shortwave ultraviolet to the Brassica rapa leaf sizes Null hypothesis: There is reduced levels of anthocyanin to the Brassica rapa plant Alternative Hypothesis: The levels of anthocyanin increases in the plant References Cavalli-Sforza, L. (1986). Population genetics. Trends in Genetics, 2, 220. Doi: 10.1016/0168-9525(86)90234-9 Charlesworth, B. (2015). What Use Is Population Genetics? Genetics, 200(3), 667-669. https://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.115.178426 Goudet, J. (2005). The Effects of Dominance, Regular Inbreeding and Sampling Design on QST, an Estimator of Population Differentiation for Quantitative Traits. Genetics, 172(2), 1337-1347. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.050583 Klaper, R., Frankel, S., Berenbaum, M. (1996). Anthocyanin Content and UVB Sensitivity in Brassica rapa. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 63(6), 811-813. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb09635.x Reed, D. Frankham, R. (2001). How Closely Correlated are Molecular and Quantitative Measures of Genetic Variation? A Meta-Analysis. Evolution, 55(6), 1095-1103. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00629.x Slankster, E., Chase, J., Jones, L., Wendell, D. (2012). DNA-Based Genetic Markers for Rapid Cycling Brassica Rapa (Fast Plants Type) Designed for the Teaching Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 3. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2012.00118 Stearns, S. (1989). The Evolutionary Significance of Phenotypic Plasticity. Bioscience, 39(7), 436-445. Doi: 10.2307/1311135

Visual Impairment Essay Example For Students

Visual Impairment Essay Vision ImpairmentsPeople catergorized as visually impaired range from individuals with mild visual losses to those with low vision to those who are totally blind (Winzer,370). Vision impairments does not necessarily mean a total loss of sight. Some visually impaired person can detect light, others can see shapes and forms, and others can see nothing at all. Generally, many different problems that interfere the retina to form image or the transmission of retinal images to the brain can cause blindness or vision impairment. It can be heredity or caused by disease or damage after birth. In some cases a specific reason cannot be determined. There are four major types of vision impairments. The first type are refractive errors. It is cause by the change of shape or size of the eyeball, conera or the lens. Myopia (short-sighted) and hyperopia (long-sighted) are two common examples. People with myopia or hyperopia cannot focus image accurately on the retina. Another example is astigmatism, it is caused by the abnormal curve shape of the cornera or the lens. And it can cause distorted or blurred vision. The second type are ocular motor problems. It is caused by irregular movement of the ocular muscles that control the movement of the eyeballs. It leads to the inability for the eyes to control focusing objects. Strasbismus is an example. This condition effects about 2 percent (2 out of 100) of all young children. Strabismus is a lack of coordinated muscle movement or focusing ability between the eyes, causing the eyes to point in different directions. One or both eyes may turn inward (crossed eyes) or outward (walleye). The eyes, the brain area that controls vision, and the muscles attached to the eyeball are involved. It result in the child that looks in certain directions, double vision (sometimes), vision in one eye only, with loss of depth perception. Strabismus can affect both sexes, all ages, but it usually begins during early childhood, frequently before age 5. If not corrected through therapy or surgery, crossed eyes can result in permanent loss of vision. The third type are eye diseases, it is caused by damage or disease before or after birth to one or more structure of the eye (Winzer, 374). One off the most common causes of blindness is cataracts. Cataracts are a clouding of the lens of the eye that keeps light from reaching retina. Resulting in badly blurred vision, double vision, sensitivity to bright lights and change in color vision. One eye is often more seriously affected than the other. It may be cause by chemical change in the lens. The exact cause is still unknown, but there are many factors that can accelerate cataract formation.These include an injury, either from a blow to the head or direct eye injury, other diseases exposure to radiation of any kind (x-rays, microwaves, or infrared rays) long-term use of a corticosteroid drug. A child may be born with cataracts or develop them at an early age. These cataracts, called congenital cataracts, may be caused by a genetic disorder such as down syndrome or from a condition the mother had during pregnancy such as German measles. The fourth type are other defects such as color blindness, photophobia or albinism. Color blindness is a inherited vision disorder which is often found in male rather than in female. Persons who have color blindness do not have one of the three cone cells which are responsible for receiving either blue, green and red. Therefore, people with color blindness are likely to confuse with red and green. But the condition is not serious enough to connect with visual impairments. Albinism is a hereditary disease. It must be pass thorugh from both parents, each of whom either has albinism or is a carrier of that trait. Albinism affects the production of melanin(Winzer,379). A lack of melanin in the retina, iris and choroid will cause the pupil to become in deep red color, the iris will become in grey, light blue or pink. A person with albinism will also suffer from photophobia, which is the extreme sensitivity to light. Bright light may decreases the persons visual acuity and may blinds the p ersons with albinism.