Slavery in The United States Essay - 444 Words

The term slave is defined as a person held in servitude as the chattel of another, or one that is completely subservient to a dominating influence. The most well known cases of slavery occurred during the settling of the United States of America. From 1619 until July 1st 1928 slavery was allowed within our country. The first slave in America were brought over in the slave trade to help with work on plantations and in return they received housing and food. However these slaves weren’t the first. The first slaves were actually enslaved, because of war, destruction, debt and crime as stated in the Locke and Slavery packet. Slavery was a practice that was very common, but was obviously an immoral idea. After many years of persecution people†¦show more content†¦In reality there were many factors that affected the change in views on slavery. One major event that contributed to the ending of slavery was the Civil War, which was a battle between the northern and southern sta tes in America. Other impacting events were the signing of the 13, 14th, and 15th amendments which gave African Americans gain protection and voting rights. These events, as important as they are, would not have been made possible without the help of some influential figures such as Sojourner Truth who helped out in the war, Harriet Tubman who was involved with the underground railroad, as well as many Abolitionists allowed there to be progress in the movement for freedom in the slave nation. Even though Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation stating that slavery was illegal it was only the beginning; it wasn’t until 1928 under the leadership of President Calvin Coolidge that slavery was completely abolished. Another interesting note is that slavery doesn’t only apply to African Americans. The only reason African American’s are pictured when slavery is mentioned is because it was the most horrific example of slavery. Slavery is a problem that goes back to the times of the ancient Greeks, Egyptians, and Romans. In the time of these great civilizations slaves were of allShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The United States891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Unites States during the 1850s was a harsh time for African Americans, not only were they treated extremely harsh; but many of them were slaves as well. Slavery was the topic of every discussion during this time period and the United States was literally split on the issue of slavery. A lot of the Southern States wanted to continue slavery because it was a way of life. Many of the southerners depend on slavery to help grow and harvest crops that were on acres and acres of land. Northerns, onRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Slavery is founded on the selfishness of man’s nature; opposition to it on his love for justice.† This saying by Abraham Lincoln tells us that people are really different when it comes to their beliefs and attitude s. Some are so focused on wealth, which is why they have slaves to work for free, and treated them as properties instead of real human beings. On the other hand, some people were against slavery because it violated the basic human rights like the right to life, liberty, and security.Read MoreSlavery And The United States848 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States. During these years, many different topics were up for dispute and compromises were being negotiated. Unfortunately, it was hard for all of the citizens to come to a complete compromise for the disputes. Some states had similar opinions, while others were in a deadlock. One of the biggest disputes during this time were over slavery. While other disputes only involved a few states, slavery was a dispute that caused unrest between two distinctive regions in the United States: theRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States953 Words   |  4 PagesEvery country has a dark past, whether it’s about conquering land from Nati ve Americans, or mass genocide of a single race. The United States was no different from the rest of the world, especially when slavery was involved. The South had its reasons on why to establish and justify the slavery system while the North rejected their beliefs. By focusing on the South’s argument, this will help to understand why they fought for their rights to keep slaves and understand how the African Americans wereRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1095 Words   |  5 Pagesattempted to cure their complete opposition on the regulation of slavery by using federal power to coerce an end to the feud, yet the movement increased tension between the divided nation. By invoking both legislative and judicial power, politicians used laws which included slave codes and freedom laws as well as court decisions like Dred Scott v Sandford (1875) to convince or force the population into acceptance of stances on slavery. Each party viewed their tactics and ideas to be righteou s, andRead MoreSlavery And The United States1305 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery; An Issue Neglected to a Key Principle in the U.S. For 20 years slavery had existed in the United States of America despite its immorality and the objections of many citizens. Strides were made to correct this injustice around the time of the Revolutionary war; colonists started to demand their natural human rights from Britain. In 1766, our founding fathers were the first faced with a decision to abolish slavery; they felt the pressure from facing the purpose of their campaign due to theRead MoreSlavery And The United States1507 Words   |  7 PagesOver the centuries, slavery held a prominent factor in United States history. Slavery shaped and formed what society was in the United States. Slavery’s influence impacted the United States in various ways. The ways that slavery impacted United States history are the United States economy, society and politics. Some historians argue slavery is not an important factor in United States history. However, they are wrong because slavery brought many different political movements and t he Underground RailroadRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States976 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery has played a very integral part in the development of the United States so far. It has taught people the importance of racial equality and moral discipline, which was lacked back in the time when slavery existed. Moreover, slaves were used mostly by farmers and business owners who wanted to maximize their profits and wanted cheap sources of labor. Slaves were first imported into the United States back in 1502 by a merchant named; Juan de Cà ³rdoba. The South was very interested in bringingRead MoreSlavery And The United States1673 Words   |  7 Pageshowever, when slavery existed, blacks were undermined and denied many freedoms entitled to them under the Constitution. There were many topics argued about, but slavery caused the most dispute within the country. In the 1850’s, the pro-slavery South and the anti-slavery North collided when the case of Dred Scott, a black slave who attempted to gain liberation, was brought to court. The North and South had vastly different views on the subject of slavery, Scott had resided in the free state of IllinoisRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1670 Words   |  7 Pageswedge between the nation. As the United States progressed into different industries, slavery benefited only one side of the country – the south. The north began outlawing slavery, deeming it as immoral and unconstitutional while the south needed and depended on slavery to maintain their economy. The opposing sides on the slave system lead to arguments between the North and the South as to decide what new territories would allow slavery, then leading on to outlawing slavery all together. Tensions increased

Collection Of Data By Organizations - 1151 Words

Collection of data is approached mainly by well-documented technique i.e., focus groups. Assembling small groups for free flowing of particular topics representing them as a way to better understand how people feel and think about an issue. Focus groups combine set of insights which are not recorded and the insights with better understandings throughout different groups. Hence, Focus groups proving itself for solving different SPI programs faced by companies and staff groups. The table 1 below shows the focus groups divided by staff. 3.2 IMPLEMENTING FOCUS GROUPS: As we mentioned we have conducted 49 focus groups. Companies were selected who largely responded to a detailed questionnaire giving broad information about their†¦show more content†¦These were categorized as follows: †¢ Organizational issues (e.g. skills, culture, goals, communication, staff retention). †¢ Project issues (e.g. documentation, measurement, quality, timescales, tools). †¢ Software Development Lifecycle issues (e.g. requirements, testing). 3.4 Protocol Analysis and validation Analysis procedure used a 2-stage approach to analyze and validate the data. formal reliability test was conducted with results from 2 different researchers followed by a classification scheme with reliable problem frequencies. Stage 1 protocol analysis was performed manually on responses and obstacles to SPI. All problems cited by each practitioner group are identified. The list of problems cited by each practitioner were organized into problem groups. same levels of granularity and definitions provided were â€Å"assemble trustworthy collections of software data from different sources† [37]. An inter-rater reliability test was conducted to increase confidence in this identification process. Scaling and an initial analysis regarding problem groups and problem frequencies are performed by researcher 1 and handovers selected quotes from the transcript to researcher 2. Whereas the analysis was validated through an objective analysis by researcher 2 and places the quotes into given categories. Stage 2 All the problems are included in mapping cited to each company problem groups, CMM level and practitioner group by constructing a matrix. Tables based on the

Role of Genetic Variation in Determining a Quantitative Trait

Question: Discuss about theRole of Genetic Variation in Determining a Quantitative Trait. Answer: Introduction Background Information The population can be genetically defined by documenting the genotypic and allelic frequencies, which can be calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium equations. This phenomenon was developed by Gregor Mendel who contributed much to the development of genetics by defining how traits were inherited from one population to another (Charlesworth, 2015). According to Gregor, who said to be the father of genetics, alteration of the genetic makeup of an individual or a population would lead to evolution. Changes in allelic frequencies would lead to deformation of the possible genotypes that can be produced in the next generation. The changes in the frequency of alleles can be facilitation by factors such as genetic drift, mutation, gene flow, non-random mating and selection (Charlesworth, 2015). Genetic variation changes the possible combination of alleles hence affecting their phenotypic effects on the offspring. For instance, a change on a recessive allele by mutation to become domi nant would lead to a heterozygous or homozygous dominant offspring (Cavalli-Sforza, 1986). Genotypic Influencers The next generation is always determined by the type of mating that happens in the current population. In small populations, loss of reproduction or death can lead to genetic drift that causes loss of a particular trait that could be passed to the next generation. A phenotypic trait is always an interaction between the environment and genotypic composition (Slankster, Chase, Jones, Wendell, 2012). For instance, individuals living in an environment that are exposed to high temperatures will lead to changes in their genome making them better adapted to the environment. The changes contribute to producing offspring individuals who would survive in such environmental conditions. Therefore, the genetic changes are aimed at enhancing a better future for a particular population (Reed Frankham, 2001). Phenotype and Environment Phenotypic plasticity allows genotypic changes to enhance the adaptability of individuals as a result of environmental changes. The different environmental factors might lead to modifications on the physiology, behaviours and morphology of individuals. The main importance of plasticity if to make a population that has genotypic combinations that can survive certain environmental factors of interest. Lack of phenotypic plasticity to some individuals in the population might lead to natural selection, where those who are able to adapt quickly would replace the others. In this case, evolution will be experienced and the next generation will have genetic combinations that are different compared to those who were unable to withstand the environmental conditions. The plasticity of a population usually interacts with the environment to generate a genetic combination that would adapt to the factors in question. The difference between populations can be determined by their distinction on their environments. Elasticity can be lost from the genotype when there is no selection in the environment to create a better-adapted population (Goudet, 2005). Therefore, populations which experience environmental changes do not lose their plasticity and they have better chances of surviving if ever there is an environmental change. The distribution of alleles in the chromosome determine the genotype and any changes dues to plasticity do not change the genotypic arrangement to the population due to environmental factors. Otherwise, plasticity increases the probability that the population will have persistent characteristics towards the environmental factors (Stearns, 1989). Brassica Rapa and Environment Brassica rapa was grown under three situations where three genotypes were grown under distinct conditions. This kind of research was aimed at understanding how the genotypes and the environmental factors would affect the phenotypic appearances of the plant. These environmental conditions included anthocyanin and shortwave ultraviolet (UVB, 280-325 nm) (Klaper, Frankel Berenbaum, 1996). The variables for the study included plant genotype and phenotypic characteristics that included height, leaf length and flower count. Purpose of the Study Exposing this kind of environmental factors was aimed at stressing the plant to observe how it would adapt to the new changes. Its plasticity would enhance the chances of surviving in the extreme conditions and being able to reproduce. After the study was completed in 41 days, differing observations were identified towards how Brassica rapa adapted to the environment (Klaper, Frankel Berenbaum, 1996). The presence of UVB leads to the reduction of plant height and leaf length to enable it to reduce the rate of photosynthesis. On the other case, reduced anthocyanin levels led to the reduction of flower count by half of those with normal and extended levels. This research study proved that other than pigmentation effect of the UV light, plants can adapt for better survival in the environment. Hypothesis The possible hypothesis that could be tested in the study include: - Null hypothesis: There is no effect on the height of the Brassica rapa plant Alternative hypothesis: The short wave ultraviolet rays affects the height of the plant Null hypothesis: There is no effect of shortwave ultraviolet to the Brassica rapa leaf sizes Alternative hypothesis: There are effects of shortwave ultraviolet to the Brassica rapa leaf sizes Null hypothesis: There is reduced levels of anthocyanin to the Brassica rapa plant Alternative Hypothesis: The levels of anthocyanin increases in the plant References Cavalli-Sforza, L. (1986). Population genetics. Trends in Genetics, 2, 220. Doi: 10.1016/0168-9525(86)90234-9 Charlesworth, B. (2015). What Use Is Population Genetics? Genetics, 200(3), 667-669. https://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.115.178426 Goudet, J. (2005). The Effects of Dominance, Regular Inbreeding and Sampling Design on QST, an Estimator of Population Differentiation for Quantitative Traits. Genetics, 172(2), 1337-1347. doi:10.1534/genetics.105.050583 Klaper, R., Frankel, S., Berenbaum, M. (1996). Anthocyanin Content and UVB Sensitivity in Brassica rapa. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 63(6), 811-813. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb09635.x Reed, D. Frankham, R. (2001). How Closely Correlated are Molecular and Quantitative Measures of Genetic Variation? A Meta-Analysis. Evolution, 55(6), 1095-1103. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00629.x Slankster, E., Chase, J., Jones, L., Wendell, D. (2012). DNA-Based Genetic Markers for Rapid Cycling Brassica Rapa (Fast Plants Type) Designed for the Teaching Laboratory. Frontiers in Plant Science, 3. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2012.00118 Stearns, S. (1989). The Evolutionary Significance of Phenotypic Plasticity. Bioscience, 39(7), 436-445. Doi: 10.2307/1311135

Visual Impairment Essay Example For Students

Visual Impairment Essay Vision ImpairmentsPeople catergorized as visually impaired range from individuals with mild visual losses to those with low vision to those who are totally blind (Winzer,370). Vision impairments does not necessarily mean a total loss of sight. Some visually impaired person can detect light, others can see shapes and forms, and others can see nothing at all. Generally, many different problems that interfere the retina to form image or the transmission of retinal images to the brain can cause blindness or vision impairment. It can be heredity or caused by disease or damage after birth. In some cases a specific reason cannot be determined. There are four major types of vision impairments. The first type are refractive errors. It is cause by the change of shape or size of the eyeball, conera or the lens. Myopia (short-sighted) and hyperopia (long-sighted) are two common examples. People with myopia or hyperopia cannot focus image accurately on the retina. Another example is astigmatism, it is caused by the abnormal curve shape of the cornera or the lens. And it can cause distorted or blurred vision. The second type are ocular motor problems. It is caused by irregular movement of the ocular muscles that control the movement of the eyeballs. It leads to the inability for the eyes to control focusing objects. Strasbismus is an example. This condition effects about 2 percent (2 out of 100) of all young children. Strabismus is a lack of coordinated muscle movement or focusing ability between the eyes, causing the eyes to point in different directions. One or both eyes may turn inward (crossed eyes) or outward (walleye). The eyes, the brain area that controls vision, and the muscles attached to the eyeball are involved. It result in the child that looks in certain directions, double vision (sometimes), vision in one eye only, with loss of depth perception. Strabismus can affect both sexes, all ages, but it usually begins during early childhood, frequently before age 5. If not corrected through therapy or surgery, crossed eyes can result in permanent loss of vision. The third type are eye diseases, it is caused by damage or disease before or after birth to one or more structure of the eye (Winzer, 374). One off the most common causes of blindness is cataracts. Cataracts are a clouding of the lens of the eye that keeps light from reaching retina. Resulting in badly blurred vision, double vision, sensitivity to bright lights and change in color vision. One eye is often more seriously affected than the other. It may be cause by chemical change in the lens. The exact cause is still unknown, but there are many factors that can accelerate cataract formation.These include an injury, either from a blow to the head or direct eye injury, other diseases exposure to radiation of any kind (x-rays, microwaves, or infrared rays) long-term use of a corticosteroid drug. A child may be born with cataracts or develop them at an early age. These cataracts, called congenital cataracts, may be caused by a genetic disorder such as down syndrome or from a condition the mother had during pregnancy such as German measles. The fourth type are other defects such as color blindness, photophobia or albinism. Color blindness is a inherited vision disorder which is often found in male rather than in female. Persons who have color blindness do not have one of the three cone cells which are responsible for receiving either blue, green and red. Therefore, people with color blindness are likely to confuse with red and green. But the condition is not serious enough to connect with visual impairments. Albinism is a hereditary disease. It must be pass thorugh from both parents, each of whom either has albinism or is a carrier of that trait. Albinism affects the production of melanin(Winzer,379). A lack of melanin in the retina, iris and choroid will cause the pupil to become in deep red color, the iris will become in grey, light blue or pink. A person with albinism will also suffer from photophobia, which is the extreme sensitivity to light. Bright light may decreases the persons visual acuity and may blinds the p ersons with albinism.

How does Willy Russell make the audience sympathise with Shirley Valentine Essay Example

How does Willy Russell make the audience sympathise with Shirley Valentine Essay In this essay I will be exploring how Willy Russell, the author of the playShirley Valentine, makes us sympathise with his main characters. Russell himself comes from a working class background and was born in Liverpool which is where half the play was set. He started of as a hairdresser and from here he got an insight into womens life .He started to attend night class on drama and this is where he picked up his love for script writing. After this he began to write comical songs and then he began to write scripts.His first play Blind Scouse was premiered at Edinburgh festival and then in 1990 he wrote Shirley Valentine. Kitchen sink drama deals with working class people and their everyday lives, and this is related with Shirley as this play deals with her everyday life. Kitchen sink drama relates with Shirley Valentine in many aspects and this play may be influenced by kitchen sink drama. Therefore, Russells past experiences of him growing up in a feminine household has influenced th is play by being the basis of Shirleys aspects on life. It also concerns working class lives, social problems and relationships.Willy Russell invite us to feel sympathy for Shirley by portraying her as a person with many hopes and need unrealised. For instance, how she is treated by her husband almost like a slave, how she is treated by her daughter who took her for granted, how she was treated by her intolerant teachers and finally the fact that she was born into a lower class.I believe that Russell is successful at making his readers feel sorry for her and in doing so he becomes a supporter of female rights.Russell writes the play with characters trapped in realistic social situation. The title sequence and opening scenes help to establish Shirleys character, by demonstrating atmosphere background and expressions. Moreover, there is a lot we can deduce from images. Firstly there are sketches in the opening of the film which instinctively grabs the audiences attention towards the m ain motif of the film, from the continuous references referred by Shirleys point of view, to the implication of Shirleys incompleteness as a person. Similarly, The colour schemes used in the images are blues and purples which symbolises a connotation of sadness and depression, also the colour white indicates plain/ emptiness, these visual devices show a replication of the Shirleys life as a whole. Shirley has an unsociable life and that builds up to her being a woman with a lack of confidence. Shirley is portrayed as a sad house bound woman, forgotten, not appreciated nonexistent, and a woman with a loss of identity. A girl is born to fly; This is shown as a metaphor, as she is supposed to be free but is trappedDrinking through the day, indicating that she is bored, lonely and doesnt have a very good social life: Theres a woman three doors down the road talks to her microwave! Wall, whats the world coming to? When Shirley drinks through the day, it shows that she is really quite de pressed and that the alcohol actually took her away from the dull predicament that she was in. This appears to have been quite common in housewives during the 1980s. By 6 oclock, Shirleys in the kitchen preparing Joes dinner and talking to the wall, Do you know what i would like to do wall This clearly shows that she is desperate and using the wall to replace her absent social life, and perhaps the lack of communication that has now built up between her and her husband.A married couple painting their kitchen. They are playful and loving. Willy sets the atmosphere as a happy one. Shirley has a high self a steam and she is enjoying herself with Joe. The language used in the first extract is in a rude manor but its playful as they are young and happy. He uses words like you little bugger and youre a bloody head case. Some people may find this offensive but I think it sets a joyful scene. The language is appropriate and funny. Russell uses the swear words to a good quantity, enough to n ot get too rude and enough to have a laugh about. There is a bit of word play used as well like when Shirley says here, Van Gogh and Joe replies this is for you moaning Lisa this shows that they are young, happy and free.Willy Russell allow the audience to hear Shirleys true thoughts. Flashbacks are used to reveal events from her school days and early married life. It is through these techniques that we observe Shirleys world and transformation. The main titles at the start of the play show the audience the rough outlines of the play. The actual script starts of with fifteen or more drawings of Shirley Valentine doing a series of domestic activities. From here we realize how overlaid and domesticated Shirleys life is. At the start of the play Shirley is found expressing her thoughts to the wall. This establishes the exact feelings of loneliness Hello wall (shown by Shirley talking to the wall) and desperation of someone to talk to. Within the first few pages the audience see Shirley talking to the wall quite frequently so therefore we form the opinion that Shirley and Joe have a lack of communication.It has become a one sided relationship between them with Joe demanding what he wants. Shirley can still remember though vividly what their relationship used to on holiday with her. Shirley can not imagine going away on holiday on general principles and she can not see herself as being independent. She feels guilty how Joe would cope if she went away for two weeks, leaving all the cooking and cleaning for him to do! Jane eventually convinces Shirley to accompany her on the holiday. Shirley and Jane leave in the day and they get on the plane to leave for Greece. When Joe gets in from work he finds a note attached to a Greek tourist poster pinned on the door saying gone to Greece, be back in two weeks. The first additional scene takes place at Joes work. A medium sized factory with workers in it. Joe walks in front of a moving forklift truck with his head facing the floor and nearly gets run over by it. Travelling to Greece is the way in which Shirley rediscovers herself and becomes truly liberated.One of the ways in which Russell encourages us to sympathise with Shirley is through the characters that she interacts with.Shirleys most dominant feeling through-out the play is that of powerlessness. Joes marriage starts off as a good marriage where they are both pleasant to each other and Joe is speaking in a admirable way. This is demonstrated in the play when Shirley has a flashback of her early marriage years, when she and Joe are decorating the house and they end up in the bath together. Joe says to her I love youShirley Valentine . The word love is powerfully emotive and also says her name which suggests that he is thinking carefully about who she is. The fact that he loves her as a individual woman. This shows that Joe was kind and loving towards Shirley at the beginning of their marriage. This is what Joe is trying to do in the scene when he uses words from his early marriage. Joe says: You little bugger. This shows that Joe is using his head to try to get Shirley to come back.Her best friend Jane and challenges her reality. Shirley follows her dream Id like to drink a glass of wine in a country where the grape is grown. Sittin by the sea just sippin wine and watching the sun go down. The audience see Shirleys character develop. Shirley starts off very unsure of herself but Jane gives her the confidence despite Joes criticisms to be independent and make decisions for herself. This is also highlighted when Shirley buys a bikini. With my stretch marks? Id get arrested for bringin the human form into disrepute. Before she would not have had the confidence to wear it. Shirley follows her dream. Throughout the play Willy Russell conveys the truths using Shirleys conversations with the wall and the rock. Hello wall and voice-overs. This helps the audience understand Shirleys character and what she is thinking.Joe is key to understanding Shirleys unhappiness as he has lost his sense of fun. This is also supported by Millandras unreasonable demands and lack of respect for her mother. When Millandra returns from living away from home, she disregards Shirleys feelings and claims that her mother should be grateful for her return. She demands her mother to bring the Telly upstairs and when Shirley comes upstairs with a cup of cocoa Millandra asks her to go down and get another spoonful of sugar This shows us how she treats her badly as a slave and with no respect.When Millandra hears that her mother is going to Greece, she is disgusted by the shame that it will bring her. She talks about two middle aged women going to Greece on their own . She analyses that Shirley is doing something wrong. She is used to her mother doing everything for her and has no regard for her needs. This emphasised how many of Shirleys needs are not met and in turn makes the audience sympathise with her.Marjorie is an old peer of Shirley from her school days. In Shirleys eyes Marjorie was very smart, favoured by teachers and had really good grades. She appeared to be very friendly and open minded even though she was of higher class. Shirley always wanted to be like her. When Shirley was at the school she was humiliated by the teacher who said; Oh, Shirley, do put your hand down. You couldnt possibly know the answer . She felt as if it was an attack on her lower class. She thought that those of higher classes have better start and chances in live. However after many years when she meets her again she realises that she became prostitute. In the 80s the social roles were becoming less fixed. Shirley was still under impression that your class decides who you are. That is why the revelation of Marjorie shocked her. For example I just cant believe it. You. A Hooker. Honest, Marjorie? It changes her way of thinking. It makes her aware that anything is possible. Theaudience can see that there is hope for her, b ut at the same time cannot help but feel sorry for her for all those years she has lost. How does Willy Russell make the audience sympathise with Shirley Valentine Essay Example How does Willy Russell make the audience sympathise with Shirley Valentine Essay In this essay I will be exploring how Willy Russell, the author of the playShirley Valentine, makes us sympathise with his main characters. Russell himself comes from a working class background and was born in Liverpool which is where half the play was set. He started of as a hairdresser and from here he got an insight into womens life .He started to attend night class on drama and this is where he picked up his love for script writing. After this he began to write comical songs and then he began to write scripts.His first play Blind Scouse was premiered at Edinburgh festival and then in 1990 he wrote Shirley Valentine. Kitchen sink drama deals with working class people and their everyday lives, and this is related with Shirley as this play deals with her everyday life. Kitchen sink drama relates with Shirley Valentine in many aspects and this play may be influenced by kitchen sink drama. Therefore, Russells past experiences of him growing up in a feminine household has influenced th is play by being the basis of Shirleys aspects on life. It also concerns working class lives, social problems and relationships.Willy Russell invite us to feel sympathy for Shirley by portraying her as a person with many hopes and need unrealised. For instance, how she is treated by her husband almost like a slave, how she is treated by her daughter who took her for granted, how she was treated by her intolerant teachers and finally the fact that she was born into a lower class.I believe that Russell is successful at making his readers feel sorry for her and in doing so he becomes a supporter of female rights.Russell writes the play with characters trapped in realistic social situation. The title sequence and opening scenes help to establish Shirleys character, by demonstrating atmosphere background and expressions. Moreover, there is a lot we can deduce from images. Firstly there are sketches in the opening of the film which instinctively grabs the audiences attention towards the m ain motif of the film, from the continuous references referred by Shirleys point of view, to the implication of Shirleys incompleteness as a person. Similarly, The colour schemes used in the images are blues and purples which symbolises a connotation of sadness and depression, also the colour white indicates plain/ emptiness, these visual devices show a replication of the Shirleys life as a whole. Shirley has an unsociable life and that builds up to her being a woman with a lack of confidence. Shirley is portrayed as a sad house bound woman, forgotten, not appreciated nonexistent, and a woman with a loss of identity. A girl is born to fly; This is shown as a metaphor, as she is supposed to be free but is trappedDrinking through the day, indicating that she is bored, lonely and doesnt have a very good social life: Theres a woman three doors down the road talks to her microwave! Wall, whats the world coming to? When Shirley drinks through the day, it shows that she is really quite de pressed and that the alcohol actually took her away from the dull predicament that she was in. This appears to have been quite common in housewives during the 1980s. By 6 oclock, Shirleys in the kitchen preparing Joes dinner and talking to the wall, Do you know what i would like to do wall This clearly shows that she is desperate and using the wall to replace her absent social life, and perhaps the lack of communication that has now built up between her and her husband.A married couple painting their kitchen. They are playful and loving. Willy sets the atmosphere as a happy one. Shirley has a high self a steam and she is enjoying herself with Joe. The language used in the first extract is in a rude manor but its playful as they are young and happy. He uses words like you little bugger and youre a bloody head case. Some people may find this offensive but I think it sets a joyful scene. The language is appropriate and funny. Russell uses the swear words to a good quantity, enough to n ot get too rude and enough to have a laugh about. There is a bit of word play used as well like when Shirley says here, Van Gogh and Joe replies this is for you moaning Lisa this shows that they are young, happy and free.Willy Russell allow the audience to hear Shirleys true thoughts. Flashbacks are used to reveal events from her school days and early married life. It is through these techniques that we observe Shirleys world and transformation. The main titles at the start of the play show the audience the rough outlines of the play. The actual script starts of with fifteen or more drawings of Shirley Valentine doing a series of domestic activities. From here we realize how overlaid and domesticated Shirleys life is. At the start of the play Shirley is found expressing her thoughts to the wall. This establishes the exact feelings of loneliness Hello wall (shown by Shirley talking to the wall) and desperation of someone to talk to. Within the first few pages the audience see Shirley talking to the wall quite frequently so therefore we form the opinion that Shirley and Joe have a lack of communication.It has become a one sided relationship between them with Joe demanding what he wants. Shirley can still remember though vividly what their relationship used to on holiday with her. Shirley can not imagine going away on holiday on general principles and she can not see herself as being independent. She feels guilty how Joe would cope if she went away for two weeks, leaving all the cooking and cleaning for him to do! Jane eventually convinces Shirley to accompany her on the holiday. Shirley and Jane leave in the day and they get on the plane to leave for Greece. When Joe gets in from work he finds a note attached to a Greek tourist poster pinned on the door saying gone to Greece, be back in two weeks. The first additional scene takes place at Joes work. A medium sized factory with workers in it. Joe walks in front of a moving forklift truck with his head facing the floor and nearly gets run over by it. Travelling to Greece is the way in which Shirley rediscovers herself and becomes truly liberated.One of the ways in which Russell encourages us to sympathise with Shirley is through the characters that she interacts with.Shirleys most dominant feeling through-out the play is that of powerlessness. Joes marriage starts off as a good marriage where they are both pleasant to each other and Joe is speaking in a admirable way. This is demonstrated in the play when Shirley has a flashback of her early marriage years, when she and Joe are decorating the house and they end up in the bath together. Joe says to her I love youShirley Valentine . The word love is powerfully emotive and also says her name which suggests that he is thinking carefully about who she is. The fact that he loves her as a individual woman. This shows that Joe was kind and loving towards Shirley at the beginning of their marriage. This is what Joe is trying to do in the scene when he uses words from his early marriage. Joe says: You little bugger. This shows that Joe is using his head to try to get Shirley to come back.Her best friend Jane and challenges her reality. Shirley follows her dream Id like to drink a glass of wine in a country where the grape is grown. Sittin by the sea just sippin wine and watching the sun go down. The audience see Shirleys character develop. Shirley starts off very unsure of herself but Jane gives her the confidence despite Joes criticisms to be independent and make decisions for herself. This is also highlighted when Shirley buys a bikini. With my stretch marks? Id get arrested for bringin the human form into disrepute. Before she would not have had the confidence to wear it. Shirley follows her dream. Throughout the play Willy Russell conveys the truths using Shirleys conversations with the wall and the rock. Hello wall and voice-overs. This helps the audience understand Shirleys character and what she is thinking.Joe is key to understanding Shirleys unhappiness as he has lost his sense of fun. This is also supported by Millandras unreasonable demands and lack of respect for her mother. When Millandra returns from living away from home, she disregards Shirleys feelings and claims that her mother should be grateful for her return. She demands her mother to bring the Telly upstairs and when Shirley comes upstairs with a cup of cocoa Millandra asks her to go down and get another spoonful of sugar This shows us how she treats her badly as a slave and with no respect.When Millandra hears that her mother is going to Greece, she is disgusted by the shame that it will bring her. She talks about two middle aged women going to Greece on their own . She analyses that Shirley is doing something wrong. She is used to her mother doing everything for her and has no regard for her needs. This emphasised how many of Shirleys needs are not met and in turn makes the audience sympathise with her.Marjorie is an old peer of Shirley from her school days. In Shirleys eyes Marjorie was very smart, favoured by teachers and had really good grades. She appeared to be very friendly and open minded even though she was of higher class. Shirley always wanted to be like her. When Shirley was at the school she was humiliated by the teacher who said; Oh, Shirley, do put your hand down. You couldnt possibly know the answer . She felt as if it was an attack on her lower class. She thought that those of higher classes have better start and chances in live. However after many years when she meets her again she realises that she became prostitute. In the 80s the social roles were becoming less fixed. Shirley was still under impression that your class decides who you are. That is why the revelation of Marjorie shocked her. For example I just cant believe it. You. A Hooker. Honest, Marjorie? It changes her way of thinking. It makes her aware that anything is possible. Theaudience can see that there is hope for her, b ut at the same time cannot help but feel sorry for her for all those years she has lost.

The Causes of Tsunami essays

The Causes of Tsunami essays As the earth begins to tremble many fear the troubles ahead. Waves are suddenly being formed and the people of the west coast are immediately alerted. What could this be? This is a tsunami, an earthquake that is formed underwater. The sea floor abruptly deforms and displaces the overlying water from its equilibrium position. Waves are formed when the displaced water mass, acting under the influence of gravity, attempts to regain its equilibrium. The main factor that determines the initial size of a tsunami is the amount of vertical sea floor deformation. A tsunami can also be generating from submarine landslides. During a submarine landslide, the equilibrium sea level is altered by sediment moving along the sea floor. The aftermath of this horrendous storm is shocking. The causes of tsunamis derive from earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions, which can cause a high death and/or injury rate. A tsunami that is caused by an undersea earthquake is also called a seismic sea wave. Scientists can calculate where and when a given undersea earthquake occurred and predict when the resulting seismic sea wave will reach shore. The scientists base their calculations on data provided by instruments called seismographs. These instruments detect vibrations called seismic waves that the earthquake sends through the rock beneath the ground (Phillip). An earthquake on land differs greatly than one underwater. The fact that there is water involved makes the situation even more tedious to handle. To detect an earthquake underwater is sometime impossible, the wave may come without any warning the wave may cause more death and damage than ground shaking. In addition to earthquakes similar ground shaker plays a key part in the causes of tsunamis. Landslides are a descent of mass of earth and rock down a mountain slope. Landslides may occur when water from rain and melting snow sinks through the earth on top of a slope...

Napoleonic War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Napoleonic War - Essay Example The fierce competition started as a power struggle between the two nations. At that time, the size of Britain’s army was small, and had lost many battles in the European nations. The revolution pushed France into mayhem, the ruins of which, gave rise to the most powerful army led by Napoleon Buonaparte. Napoleon was born in 1769 in a poor family. The feudal government of France received a severe blow in 1789 from almost all other European nations. This lasted for almost two decades of warfare with all the other competing empires trying to impose their view of balanced power. Consequently, many wars were fought over many large areas and were thence referred to as the First World War. This era was divided into the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic Empire. With the advent of Napoleon Bonaparte, the French Revolution and the subsequent republic experienced tumbling of the French monarchy and its replacement by a series of intermittent violent civilian directions. At the peak of this period, known as â€Å"The Terror† the King and Queen were cruelly put to death. This stimulated the other European nations towards France, and vowed that the resulting nation would never enjoy the cooperation of other European leaders. This is when Napoleon Bonaparte seized the control of French government. With his unusual intelligence and charisma, Napoleon started climbing steps of success one after the other. Before moving as the French artillery officer, Napoleon struggled against French domination in Corscia, a place on the border of Europe. Napoleon was made the Lieutenant in 1792 at the age of 23. A year later, his genius personality led him to becoming the Brigadier-General. After two years, he was able to successfully fight the Austrian troops. Though situation was bad for the French, Napoleon was highly confident of his abilities for battle and was given the command of French armies. Napoleon Bonaparte became the first ambassador of French rebellion in